Response to “A Critique of ‘Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Total Mortality Among Elderly
نویسندگان
چکیده
I agree with Drs. Brunekreef and Hoek that new studies of the health effects of fine particulates are very important (Brunekreef & Hoek, 2006). They have raised a number of important issues regarding the findings in my article on the relationship between PM2.5 and mortality in elderly Californians (Enstrom, 2005). I have addressed their issues by clarifying my published findings and by providing additional results.
منابع مشابه
Fine particulate air pollution and total mortality among elderly Californians, 1973-2002.
Fine particulate air pollution has been associated with increases in long-term mortality in selected cohort studies, and this association has been influential in the establishment of air quality regulations for fine particles (PM(2.5)). However, this epidemiologic evidence has been questioned because of methodological issues, conflicting findings, and lack of an accepted causal mechanism. To fu...
متن کاملA critique of "fine particulate air pollution and total mortality among elderly Californians, 1973-2002" by James E. Enstrom.
In view of the societal importance of the health effects of fine particulates, new studies on the subject are very important. In a previous issue of Inhalation Toxicology, Dr. Enstrom presents findings from a long-term follow-up of the ACS I cohort in California, suggesting that there was a slight effect of fine particulate matter (PM) on total mortality over the first 10 yr of follow-up (1973–...
متن کاملCardiovascular mortality and exposure to airborne fine particulate matter and cigarette smoke: shape of the exposure-response relationship.
BACKGROUND Fine particulate matter exposure from both ambient air pollution and secondhand cigarette smoke has been associated with larger risks of cardiovascular mortality than would be expected on the basis of linear extrapolations of the relative risks from active smoking. This study directly assessed the shape of the exposure-response relationship between cardiovascular mortality and fine p...
متن کاملLung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution.
CONTEXT Associations have been found between day-to-day particulate air pollution and increased risk of various adverse health outcomes, including cardiopulmonary mortality. However, studies of health effects of long-term particulate air pollution have been less conclusive. OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution and all-cause, lung ca...
متن کاملHealth impact assessment of particulate matter in Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
Air pollution is a major environmental issue in all regions of the world. We aimed to assess the health impacts of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter 10 µm (PM10) in Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran. The air pollution data were obtained from Sanandaj Department of Environment Protection. The annual mortality and morbidity, including cardiovascular and respiratory diseases attributable to...
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